Ne JAV. Vyrauja PPO Vištiena ginčas su Kinija

PPO Ginčų sprendimas panelė nusprendė, kad Kinija neatitiko savo įsipareigojimus PPO, kai jis įvedė antidempingo (REKLAMA) ir kompensacinius muitus (ŠKL) nuo Amerikos Valstijose. chicken exports to China in 2010. China has 60 days to appeal the ruling. If the ruling is not reversed by the WTO Appellate Body, ji turėtų įtakos ne tik vištienos mėsos prekybos su Kinija.

ViÅ¡tienos mÄ—sos ginčas iÅ¡ tikrųjų prasidÄ—jo rugsÄ—jo 2009 kai tik į JAV. paskirta 35 percent AD tariff on imported Chinese automobile tires. The Chinese government’s general approach on trade issues at that time was to immediately retaliate against imports of any country that challenged China’s export policies. Two days after the U.S. sprendimas dÄ—l padangų tarifų, Kinijos paskelbÄ— tyrimÄ… dÄ—l dempingo Amerikos Valstijose. viÅ¡tienos ir letenÄ—lÄ—s, kuri iÅ¡ viso sudarÄ— $670 million of imports in 2009. Later China announced an investigation of subsidies for U.S. viÅ¡tienos produkcija, which were actually subsidies for corn fed to chickens. į 2010 Argentinoje susidÅ«rÄ— panaÅ¡iÄ… situacijÄ… su Kinija per kerÅ¡to prieÅ¡ sojų pupelių aliejaus importui po argentina nustatÄ— AD tarifus avalynÄ—s ir tekstilÄ—s iÅ¡ Kinijos.

Po metinis tyrimas, China’s Ministry of Commerce imposed CVD on August 30, 2010 and AD duties on September 26. CVD ranged between 4.0 procentų ir 12.5 procentų už Amerikos Valstijose. producers who participated in the investigation and an “all others” rate of 30.3 procentų. The AD duties ranged from 50.3 procentų iki 53.4 procentų už tik į JAV. producers who responded to the investigation and an “all others” rate of 105.4 procentų. Total poultry meat exports from the U.S. į Kinija, daugiausia broilerių mÄ—sos, sumažėjo nuo $442 mln kalendorinius metus 2008 ir $402 milijonų 2009 į $102 milijonų 210. Projections of lost sales for the last four years are over $1 milijardų.

The most important part of the decision relates to China’s use of an average cost of production methodology. China estimated the average cost of producing a chicken in the U.S. ir tada apskaičiavo gaminti iÅ¡ viÅ¡tienos dalių kaina. If a part accounted for one-third of the chicken’s weight, it was assigned a production cost of one-third of the whole chicken cost. That approach under-estimated the cost of high-value products, kaip krÅ«tų, and over-estimated costs of low-value products like legs and thighs. It resulted in a gross distortion of costs for products with almost no value in the U.S., kaip viÅ¡tienos letenomis, that have high-value in China. Chinese officials chose to use this approach even though they had actual costs submitted by two U.S. įmonÄ—s.

This ruling should also apply to trade with Mexico. Jungtinės Amerikos Valstijos. has been repeatedly accused of dumping dark chicken meat in Mexico with the Mexican government using a similar calculation. The WTO panel was careful to point out that the weight issue applied to the specifics of this cause and is not a general rule. Jungtinės Amerikos Valstijos. may need to file a similar case with Mexico if the issue is raised again. According to viduje Ne JAV. prekyba, USTR advokatai kels šį klausimą su kitomis šalimis.

JungtinÄ—s Amerikos Valstijos. also won on so-called ‘transparency’ issues. Procedures to assess market impacts and remedy issues should be so transparent that defendant can clearly understand the implied market impacts. China failed to disclose facts to U.S. įmonių ir paaiÅ¡kinti skaičiavimus maržos.

Å is teigiamas sprendimÄ… naudai tik į JAV. nÄ—ra požymių, kad daugiau bylų turÄ—tų bÅ«ti pateiktas prieÅ¡ KinijÄ…, o tik į JAV. will easily win those cases. China’s need to immediately retaliate against the U.S. for the tariff on auto tires led them to file a case they might not have chosen if they had a more thoughtful decision making process. Chicken imports were increasing rapidly and the case was good ‘domestic politics’ even though it was bad economics and worse trade policy.

Šiame nutarime taip pat nekompensuoja $1 billion in lost chicken meat sales that was precipitated by the tire tariffs. Jungtinės Amerikos Valstijos. turėjo teisę taikyti padangų tarifus, but tariffs generally do not lead to good trade policies in the long term. They usually result in the knee-jerk reaction that the Chinese employed. When a trade policy decision is contemplated, iš kas vyksta šalia turėtų būti užduodamas klausimas.

Darant prielaidą, kad nutarimas yra patenkintas, svarbus taškas dabar yra, kaip Ne JAV. chicken meat will again fit into the Chinese market. Chicken meat production in 2013 Kinijoje prognozuoja, kad užsienio žemės ūkio paslaugos (ŪKS) iš USDA ne 14.1 milijono metrinių tonų (MMT), aukštyn 400,000 MT ir 2.9 percent from last year. Consumption is estimated at 13.92 MMT, aukštyn 380,000 MT ir 2.8 percent increase. Exports are forecast at 400,000 LT, žemyn šiek tiek iš 411,000 MT pernai, ir importas prognozuojama 270,000 LT, iki šiek tiek iš 254,000 MT pernai.

JungtinÄ—s Amerikos Valstijos. Agricultural Attaché in Beijing reports that poultry is substituted as a meat protein when pork prices are high. The current slowdown in growth for the Chinese economy may result in more demand for chicken meat over pork. Pork accounts for 60 percent of China’s meat protein consumption and prices have been reasonable in recent months. South American suppliers of chicken meat have raised selling prices since the U.S. supply is restricted. At times during the last year U.S. viÅ¡tienos kainos su AD pareigos ir Å¡irdies ir kraujagyslių ligų buvo pakankamai mažas, kad už Kinijos prekybininkams mokÄ—ti už aukÅ¡tos kokybÄ—s Amerikos Valstijose. ViÅ¡tiena.

Pasak FAS eksporto duomenis, Ne JAV. vištienos mėsos eksportas į Kiniją sumažėjo nuo 331,000 MT 2009 į 55,000 MT 2010. Autorius 2012, eksportas buvo perkeltas atgal į 95,000 LT. Removal of the tariffs should lead to an increase in U.S. vištienos mėsos eksportas į Kiniją pakeičiant prastesnės kokybės Pietų Amerikos reikmenys.

Tai yra naudingiausia Amerikos Valstijose. chicken meat producers and Chinese consumers to put this brush with trade policy behind them. As the world’s second largest producer of broiler chicken meat, po JAV, ir didžiausia vartotojų, it is logical for China to be an exporter and importer of chicken meat to even out production and consumption. Importing a high quality product from the U.S. also sets a standard for domestic producers and other importers. With the importance that the Chinese government places on a stable food supply, jis turÄ—tų pasirinkti ne maisto elementus, kai jis turi poreikį reaguoti į Amerikos Valstijose. prekybos politika.

Ross Korves yra prekybos ir ekonomikos politikos analitikas tiesa apie prekybos & technologija (www.truthabouttrade.org). Sekite mus: @TruthAboutTrade nuo "Twitter" | Tiesa Apie prekybos & technologijos Facebook.